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SS Karsik (1938)
SS ''Karsik'' was a freighter built for Deutsche Dampfschifffahrts-Gesellschaft "Hansa" by Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG, Werk Seebeck, Wesermünde as ''Soneck'', in 1938, of .
==World War II impoundment and service==
The ship was impounded 10 May 1940 by crew of for the Netherlands government and operated by ''Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij'' (KPM) in the Dutch East Indies as a train ferry. ''Karsik'' was one of twenty-one KPM vessels that took refuge in Australian ports after the fall of Java that Dutch officials requested be put into service for the war effort. The ship, among others, was chartered by the Chief Quartermaster, U.S. Army Forces in Australia (USAFIA) on 26 March 1942 with long term details to be negotiated at higher levels to become part of the U.S. Army's local fleet crewed by its KPM officers and men with the number X-20. 〔Masterson notes the precise charter agreements for KPM ships were somewhat vague but that the agreements were worked with the War Shipping Administration (WSA) and the owning governments. Some similar ships were chartered by the British Ministry of Transport and allocated through WSA to the Army. That would fit with the DDG Hansa reference's "Am 01.03.1942 verchartert an British Ministry of War Transport, London."〕
''Karsik'', escorted by on the night of 11—12 December 1942, was the first large vessel to arrive at Oro Bay delivering four Stuart light tanks that were loaded into recently arrived barges and then towed up the coast and landed within miles of the battlefront at Buna. Mayo notes the fact a large ship had arrived and thus the supply line had opened as having perhaps even greater significance than the arrival of the tanks. ''Karsik'' then returned on the 14th with a second load of tanks for the forces at Buna. ''Karsik''s first trip with tanks to Oro Bay was named "Operation Karsik" and the second as "Operation Tramsik" and immediately preceded the regular convoys of Operation Lilliput.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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